By law ISPs face criminal penalties for the material and websites they host, especially if subject matters are incompatible with morality or public opinion. The Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Post, Information Technology, and Communication have oversight responsibilities. Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and other NGOs criticized the governments use of the law to restrict peaceful assembly. Many persons with disabilities faced challenges in voting due to voting centers that lacked accessible features. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. Official assert that the law covers LGBTI individuals through general civil and human rights legislation. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. 1902, because of border adjustments in desert areas. SNAPAP and other independent unions faced government interference throughout the year, including official obstruction of general assembly meetings and police harassment during sit-in protests. With the exception of several daily newspapers, the majority of print media outlets relied on the government for physical printing materials and operations. equivalence between arrondissements and subdivisions. [3] Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Vol. The government said pretrial detainees were normally held in cellblocks separate from those that housed the general prison population. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. According to the Ministry of Interior, in September there were 70 registered political parties. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons, a. ), total: 28.9 yearsmale: 28.6 yearsfemale: 29.3 years (2020 est. )methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est. Few government officials made their personal wealth public, and there was no known enforcement of the law. arrondissement of Batna department. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment, salary, and work environment based on age, gender, social and marital status, family links, political conviction, disability, national origin and affiliation with a union. The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. WebAccording to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African [7] "Population rsidente par age, par sexe et par wilaya", pdf file downloaded from. Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. The Ministry of Interior may deny a license to or dissolve any group regarded as a threat to the governments authority or to public order, and on several occasions failed to grant, in an expeditious fashion, official recognition to NGOs, associations, religious groups, and political parties. The 89 organizations were given formal notices to abide by the law. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record low voter turnout. Penalties for noncompliance include a prison sentence of two to six months and a fine ranging from DZD 100,000 to DZD 200,000 ($850 to $1,701) and DZD 200,000 to DZD 500,000 ($1,701 to $4,251) for repeat offenders. Administration: Authorities conducted investigations into allegations of mistreatment and took administrative actions against officers it deemed to have committed abuses. According to UNHCRs March report on Sahrawi refugees in Tindouf, the government protected a significant number of refugees in five camps in Tindouf and a smaller urban refugee population, primarily in Algiers. Human rights activists and attorneys, however, asserted that some detainees were held without access to lawyers. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. The law gives the authorities broad power to ban books that run counter to the constitution, the Muslim religion and other religions, national sovereignty and unity, the national identity and cultural values of society, national security and defense concerns, public order concerns, and the dignity of the human being and individual and collective rights. It further prohibits books that make apology for colonialism, terrorism, crime, and racism.. Many place names were changed. In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. The constitution provides for the right to a fair trial, but authorities did not always respect legal provisions that protect defendants rights. NGOs reported instances in which unaccompanied migrant female youth were exploited as domestic workers and were known to be loaned out to families for extended periods to work in homes or exploited as prostitutes. Durable Solutions: The government did not accept refugees from foreign countries for resettlement. If workers face such conditions, they may renegotiate their contract or, failing that, resort to the courts. A 2016 constitutional revision requires the president to consult with the parliamentary majority before appointing the prime minister. According to the law, police must obtain a summons from the prosecutors office to require a suspect to appear in a police station for preliminary questioning. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. If organizations fail to provide required information to the government or attempt to operate with or accept foreign funds without authorization, they are subject to fines between DZD 2,000 and DZD 5,000 ($17 and $43) and up to six months imprisonment. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. Exercise increased caution in Algeria due to terrorism and kidnapping. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. The DGAPR separates vulnerable persons but provides no consideration for sexual orientation. The law also provides for the creation of independent unions, although the unions membership must account for at least 20 percent of an enterprises workforce. Hotels in Algiers and other major cities continued their practice of refusing to sign rental contracts for meeting spaces with political parties, NGOs, and civil associations without a copy of written authorization from the Ministry of Interior for the proposed gathering. Police may make arrests without a warrant if they witness the offense. Many civil society organizations, government opponents, and political parties had access to independent print and broadcast media and used them to express their views. Their names were Alger (English: Algiers),
The May 2017 elections for the lower chamber of parliament did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. NGOs reported that the government did not enforce payment of fines for failing to abide by the law. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The laws extensive requirements and uneven enforcement served as major impediments to the development of civil society. The committee was empowered to propose measures and laws to address child labor as well as conduct awareness campaigns. G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, MA, 1957. It reported the discovery of four minorsdown from 12 the year before. There is no official estimate of the poverty income level. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza
List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the The departments were subdivided
The judiciary was not impartial and was perceived by some observers to be subject to influence and corruption. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. The government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and neighborhood associations. The constitution provides for the right of association, but the government restricted this right. )$10,800 (2020 est. The law does not explicitly prohibit discrimination with respect to employment based on sexual orientation, HIV-positive status, or religion. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. Authorities arrested Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial. [9] Encyclopdia Britannica World Atlas, 1957 edition. The law affirms the religiously based practice of allowing a man to marry as many as four wives. Several hundred international election observers from the United Nations, Arab League, African Union, and Organization of Islamic Cooperation monitored voting. A January 2017 decree established a commission within the Ministry of Religious Affairs to review imports of the Quran. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Prescribed penalties under this statute range from three to 20 years imprisonment, which were sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. The conclusions of the 2017 ILOs Committee on the Application of Standards recommended that the government accept an ILO direct contacts mission. In addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement. Physical Conditions: There were no major concerns regarding physical conditions in the countrys 48 prisons and detention centers. The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. The law for the protection of the child criminalizes anyone who economically exploits a child with a penalty of one to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment is doubled if the offender is a family member or guardian of the child. On July 13, the Ministry of Justice removed a public prosecutor and his deputy from a court in Boudouaou for their alleged involvement in the legal proceedings following the discovery of 701 kilograms of cocaine in the port of Oran on May 29. The Polisario (through the Sahrawi Red Crescent Society), UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, and partner NGOs provided basic services including food aid, primary health care, and primary and secondary education, while the government invested heavily in developing the camps infrastructure and also provided free secondary and university educations, as well as advanced hospital care, to Sahrawi refugees. Lebanon Provinces Provinces of Lebanon Buy data Donate Updates: There are two new provinces named Aakkr and Baalbek-Hermel. Several candidates withdrew from the race, claiming that the outcome was a foregone conclusion. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. Algeria Telephone + (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency + (213) 770-08-2200 Fax 0770-08-2299 Email ACSAlgiers@state.gov Website U.S. Embassy Algiers Algeria Map Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women said 60 percent of the recipients of government microcredit loans for small businesses were women. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. President of the Constitutional Council Mourad Medelci announced voter participation in the elections was just under 51 percent, a sharp drop from the slightly more than 74 percent turnout during the previous presidential election in 2009. There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. FIS membership is illegal. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. These penalties are neither sufficiently stringent nor commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes. 1977-01-12, returning a population of 17,273,000, according to this source. According to the decree, importers must submit to the ministry the title, authors name, editors name, edition, year, International Standard Book Number, and number of copies to be imported. )$5.666 billion (2018 est. A detainee has the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention, and if released, seek compensation from the government. The judiciary was not always independent or impartial in civil matters and lacked independence in some human rights cases. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. Additionally, the law prescribes up to 20-year imprisonment for the accused, depending on the severity of injuries. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO Family connections and status of the parties involved influenced decisions. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government, Section 5. Judges rarely refused prosecutorial requests to extend pretrial detention. As time went by, the
Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. There were no known reports of workers dismissed for removing themselves from hazardous working conditions. The government supported the countrys Network for the Defense of Childrens Rights (NADA). The law presumes defendants are innocent and have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney provided at public expense if necessary. Attempts by new unions to form federations or confederations suffered similar challenges. phonetics. made the national language. It changes the spelling of one province from
)1.95% (2019 est.). )$471.223 billion (2020 est. The Ministry of Religious Affairs required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct religious marriage ceremonies. Unlicensed NGOs remained active, but rarely received government assistance, and citizens at times hesitated to associate with these organizations. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, 1962-07-01: Algeria became independent from France. The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. )-5.1% (2020 est. As a result, officials suspended six individuals. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. The ministry maintained that organizations that were refused accreditation or that did not receive a response within the specified time period could appeal to the State Council, the administrative court responsible for cases involving the government. ), Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin, the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this population distribution map, mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts, largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art - rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) - that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated, Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as primarily Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and several other communities; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Berber languages and introduced them into public schools. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 352,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2020 est. Tbessa arrondissement restored from Batna to Bne. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The law provides detainees the right to see an attorney for 30 minutes if the time in detention has been extended beyond the initial 48-hour period. Religious Beliefs In AlgeriaSunni Islam. Sunni Islam in Algeria constitutes the majority of the population. Judaism. Judaism in Algeria dates back to the 14th Century when Jews migrated in large numbers into Algeria after being persecuted and driven from Spain.Protestant Christianity. Shia Islam. Religious Freedom and Tolerance in Algeria. Strong social stigma towards the vulnerable groups in which HIV/AIDS was most concentratedcommercial sex workers, men who have sexual relations with men, and drug usersdeterred testing of these groups. )investment in fixed capital: 38.1% (2017 est. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. [1] Quid 1993, ditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1992. Penalties for violations of the rights of union members range from fines of DZD 10,000-50,000 ($85-$425) for first offenses or DZD 50,000-100,000 ($425-$850) and 30 days-six months in prison for repeat offenses. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: b. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two
See the Department of StatesInternational Religious Freedom Reportatwww.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/. Under provisional liberty status, authorities subjected suspects to requirements such as reporting periodically to the police station in their district, stopping professional activities related to the alleged offense committed, surrendering all travel documents, and, in some terrorism-related cases, residing at an agreed-upon address. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European
), air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. The provinces later became divisions. The population of the province, which has an area of 1,102 square kilometers, is 1,002,937 according to 2008 data. The UN LOCODE page for Algeria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. )male: 41.3% (2020 est. The ministry did not renew the accreditations of the NGOs SOS Disparus (SOS Disappeared), Djazairouna, the LADDH, the National Association for the Fight Against Corruption, and the Youth Action Movement, all of which submitted their renewal applications in prior years. The appeal must be filed within three days of the order. The law does not extend antidiscrimination protections to LGBTI persons based on of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. The government increased efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders and to identify and provide protection services to trafficking victims, including those subject to forced labor. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. Local elections took place in November 2021. Christians reside mostly in Algiers and the Provinces of Kabylie, Bejaia, Tizi Ouzou, Annaba, Ouargla, and Oran. Early and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum age of marriage is 19 for both men and women, but minors may marry with parental consent, regardless of gender. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. Individuals may bring lawsuits, and administrative processes related to amnesty may provide damages to the victims or their families for human rights violations and compensation for alleged wrongs. The government provided a subsidy for divorced women whose former husbands failed to make child support payments. NGOs reported that irregular migrants sometimes worked in forced labor and that their lack of work permits made them more vulnerable to exploitation. These observers, among others, pointed to the law as a significant source of arbitrary arrests intended to suppress political activism. Convicted terrorists had the same rights as other inmates but were held in prisons of varying degrees of security, determined by the danger posed by the prisoners. More than one country or area imports of the parties involved influenced decisions assembly within the city limits sufficiently nor. Reforms to the development of civil society stringent nor commensurate with those prescribed for other crimes... That raised human rights activists and attorneys, however, asserted that some detainees were without! 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